10.7. fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching

This module provides support for Unix shell-style wildcards, which are not the same as regular expressions (which are documented in the re module). The special characters used in shell-style wildcards are:

Pattern	Meaning
*	matches everything
?	matches any single character
[seq]	matches any character in seq
[!seq]	matches any character not in seq

Note that the filename separator ('/' on Unix) is not special to this module. See module glob for pathname expansion (glob uses fnmatch() to match pathname segments). Similarly, filenames starting with a period are not special for this module, and are matched by the * and ? patterns.

fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, pattern)

Test whether the filename string matches the pattern string, returning true or false. If the operating system is case- insensitive, then both parameters will be normalized to all lower- or upper-case before the comparison is performed. If you require a case-sensitive comparison regardless of whether that’s standard for your operating system, use fnmatchcase() instead.

This example will print all file names in the current directory with the extension .txt:

import fnmatch import os

for file in os.listdir(‘.’):

if fnmatch.fnmatch(file, ‘*.txt’):

print file

fnmatch.fnmatchcase(filename, pattern)

Test whether filename matches pattern, returning true or false; the comparison is case-sensitive.

fnmatch.filter(names, pattern)

Return the subset of the list of names that match pattern. It is the same as [n for n in names if fnmatch(n, pattern)], but implemented more efficiently.

New in version 2.2.

fnmatch.translate(pattern)

Return the shell-style pattern converted to a regular expression.

Example:

>>> import fnmatch, re
>>>
>>> regex = fnmatch.translate('*.txt')
>>> regex
'.*\\.txt$'
>>> reobj = re.compile(regex)
>>> print reobj.match('foobar.txt')
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x...>

See also:

Module glob

Unix shell-style path expansion.